Перевод: со словенского на английский

с английского на словенский

С английского на:
Словенский
Со словенского на:
Английский

zero word

Толкование Перевод

1 ězъ

ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'
Page in Trubačev: VI 59

Church Slavic:

ězъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

Russian:

iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];

ëz `fish weir' [m o]

Old Russian:

ězъ `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ `fish weir' [m o]

Belorussian:

jaz `fishing tackle [m o];

ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jiz `fish weir' [m o];

jaz `fish weir' [m o]

Czech:

jez `mill-pond, dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Polish:

jaz `mill-pond, fish weir' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];

jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];

jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];

jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]

Slovene:

jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];

jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]

Bulgarian:

jaz `dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-

Lithuanian:

ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2

Latvian:

eža `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā]

Old Prussian:

asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'

Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.

Other cognates:

Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' \{1\}

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ězъ
2 ěžь

ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'
Page in Trubačev: VI 59

Church Slavic:

ězъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

Russian:

iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];

ëz `fish weir' [m o]

Old Russian:

ězъ `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ `fish weir' [m o]

Belorussian:

jaz `fishing tackle [m o];

ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jiz `fish weir' [m o];

jaz `fish weir' [m o]

Czech:

jez `mill-pond, dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Polish:

jaz `mill-pond, fish weir' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];

jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];

jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];

jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]

Slovene:

jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];

jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]

Bulgarian:

jaz `dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-

Lithuanian:

ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2

Latvian:

eža `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā]

Old Prussian:

asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'

Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.

Other cognates:

Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' \{1\}

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ěžь
3 ěža

ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'
Page in Trubačev: VI 59

Church Slavic:

ězъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

Russian:

iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];

ëz `fish weir' [m o]

Old Russian:

ězъ `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ `fish weir' [m o]

Belorussian:

jaz `fishing tackle [m o];

ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jiz `fish weir' [m o];

jaz `fish weir' [m o]

Czech:

jez `mill-pond, dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Polish:

jaz `mill-pond, fish weir' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];

jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];

jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];

jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]

Slovene:

jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];

jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]

Bulgarian:

jaz `dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-

Lithuanian:

ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2

Latvian:

eža `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā]

Old Prussian:

asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'

Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.

Other cognates:

Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' \{1\}

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ěža
4 ezъ

ězъ; ěžь; ěža; ezъ Grammatical information: m. o; m. jo; f. jā; m. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `weir'
Page in Trubačev: VI 59

Church Slavic:

ězъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ (RuCS) `fish weir' [m o];

Russian:

iž (dial.) `fishing tackle made of willow-twigs or a net' [m jo];

ëz `fish weir' [m o]

Old Russian:

ězъ `fish weir' [m o];

(j)ezъ `fish weir' [m o]

Belorussian:

jaz `fishing tackle [m o];

ez (dial.) `fish weir' [m o]

Ukrainian:

jiz `fish weir' [m o];

jaz `fish weir' [m o]

Czech:

jez `mill-pond, dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Polish:

jaz `mill-pond, fish weir' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

jȃz `drain (at a dam or weir), mill-pond, dike' [m o];

jȇz `mill-pond, dam, weir' [m o];

jȃž (dial.) `canal' [m jo];

jȃža (dial.) `brook streaming from a spring' [f jā]

Slovene:

jẹ̑z `dike, dam, weir' [m o], jẹ̑za [Gens], jẹzȗ [Gens];

jẹ́ža `dike, dam, weir, mill-pond' [f jā]

Bulgarian:

jaz `dam, weir, dike' [m o]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ēź-; eź-o-

Lithuanian:

ežià `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā] 2

Latvian:

eža `boundary(-strip), balk' [f jā]

Old Prussian:

asy (EV) `boundary(-strip), balk'

Comments: Meanings such as `mill-pond', `drain, canal' and `brook' form a semantic link between *ěz-/ez- `dam, weir' and -> *ȅzero `lake', cf. MoE dike `thick bank or wall built to control water' vs. MoHG Teich `pond'. The original meaning in Balto-Slavic is best covered by the word balk, meaning both `boundary-strip, dividing ridge', `wooden beam' and (dial.) `fishing-weir'. Arm. ezr (-> *ȅzero), which basically means `edge', agrees semantically very well with the Balto-Slavic etymon under discussion. We must reconstruct *h₁ēǵʰ-o/ā-, with an obscure lengthened grade, alongside *h₁eǵʰ-o/ā-.

Other cognates:

Arm. ezr `bank, border, limit' \{1\}

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > ezъ
5 olьxa

olьxa; elьxa Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `alder'
Page in Trubačev: VI 23-25; XXXII 81-82

Russian:

ol'xá `alder' [f ā];

ëlxa (dial.), elxá (dial.) `alder, spruce' [f ā] \{1\}

Slovak:

jelcha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]

Polish:

olcha `alder' [f ā]

Serbo-Croatian:

jelha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]

Bulgarian:

elxá `alder, spruce' [f ā]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: a/elisaH;; a/el(i)snio-

Lithuanian:

al̃ksnis, el̃ksnis `alder' [m io] 2;

alìksnis (E. dial.) `alder' [m io] 2;

álksna, élksna (dial.) `alder thicket, place where alders grow, marsh, dale' [f ā] 1

Latvian:

àlksnis, èlksnis (dial.) `alder' [m io];

àlksna, ęlksna (E. dial.) `alder thicket, swampy place' \{2\}

Indo-European reconstruction: h₂eliseh₂

IE meaning: alder

Certainty: -

Page in Pokorny: 302-303

Comments: As Schrijver observes (1991: 40), this etymon presents two problems. The first problem is the anlaut. The Slavic forms with je- cannot be explained away by assuming analogy after the word for `spruce': je- also occurs in West Slavic, where `spruce' is jedl-, not jel- (pace Kortlandt apud Schrijver: o.c. 41). The a-: e- variation in Germanic suggests that the variation in Baltic and Slavic does not result from "Rozwadowski's change" alone (cf. Andersen 1996: 130). The second problem is the alternation between i and zero in the second syllable. It is true that the *i and *u (cf. the Latvian toponym Aluksne?) of the Germanic forms may continue the regular ablaut of an s-stem (Schrijver: l.c.), but the fact that we find *i of in Slavic and East Lithuanian as well indicates that it should be taken at face value. The above-mentioned peculiarities of the etymon strongly suggest that we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European origin. The fact that there are North Slavic forms with s alongside the expected x must be connected with the Baltic presence in the area (cf. Anikin 2005: 85-86).

Other cognates:

Lat. alnus `alder'
;

Span. aliso `alder'
;

Mac. ἄλιζα `white poplar';

OHG elira, erila `alder' [f];

OE alor `alder'
;

OIc. ǫlr `alder'
, jǫlstr `alder' [f] \{3\}

Notes:

\{1\} In Russian dialects there are apparently also forms with a vocalized medial jer, e.g. elóxa (Kostr.), alëx (Voron.), olëx (Rjaz.) `alder' (cf. Popowska-Taborska 1984: 39). \{2\} The form with e- is actually reflected as àlksna (Bersohn, E. Latvia) (M-E: s.v.). \{3\} From * aluz- and * elustrō (< * elastrō?), respectively.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > olьxa
6 elьxa

olьxa; elьxa Grammatical information: f. ā Proto-Slavic meaning: `alder'
Page in Trubačev: VI 23-25; XXXII 81-82

Russian:

ol'xá `alder' [f ā];

ëlxa (dial.), elxá (dial.) `alder, spruce' [f ā] \{1\}

Slovak:

jelcha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]

Polish:

olcha `alder' [f ā]

Serbo-Croatian:

jelha (dial.) `alder' [f ā]

Bulgarian:

elxá `alder, spruce' [f ā]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: a/elisaH;; a/el(i)snio-

Lithuanian:

al̃ksnis, el̃ksnis `alder' [m io] 2;

alìksnis (E. dial.) `alder' [m io] 2;

álksna, élksna (dial.) `alder thicket, place where alders grow, marsh, dale' [f ā] 1

Latvian:

àlksnis, èlksnis (dial.) `alder' [m io];

àlksna, ęlksna (E. dial.) `alder thicket, swampy place' \{2\}

Indo-European reconstruction: h₂eliseh₂

IE meaning: alder

Certainty: -

Page in Pokorny: 302-303

Comments: As Schrijver observes (1991: 40), this etymon presents two problems. The first problem is the anlaut. The Slavic forms with je- cannot be explained away by assuming analogy after the word for `spruce': je- also occurs in West Slavic, where `spruce' is jedl-, not jel- (pace Kortlandt apud Schrijver: o.c. 41). The a-: e- variation in Germanic suggests that the variation in Baltic and Slavic does not result from "Rozwadowski's change" alone (cf. Andersen 1996: 130). The second problem is the alternation between i and zero in the second syllable. It is true that the *i and *u (cf. the Latvian toponym Aluksne?) of the Germanic forms may continue the regular ablaut of an s-stem (Schrijver: l.c.), but the fact that we find *i of in Slavic and East Lithuanian as well indicates that it should be taken at face value. The above-mentioned peculiarities of the etymon strongly suggest that we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European origin. The fact that there are North Slavic forms with s alongside the expected x must be connected with the Baltic presence in the area (cf. Anikin 2005: 85-86).

Other cognates:

Lat. alnus `alder'
;

Span. aliso `alder'
;

Mac. ἄλιζα `white poplar';

OHG elira, erila `alder' [f];

OE alor `alder'
;

OIc. ǫlr `alder'
, jǫlstr `alder' [f] \{3\}

Notes:

\{1\} In Russian dialects there are apparently also forms with a vocalized medial jer, e.g. elóxa (Kostr.), alëx (Voron.), olëx (Rjaz.) `alder' (cf. Popowska-Taborska 1984: 39). \{2\} The form with e- is actually reflected as àlksna (Bersohn, E. Latvia) (M-E: s.v.). \{3\} From * aluz- and * elustrō (< * elastrō?), respectively.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > elьxa
7 mělь

mělь; mělъ Grammatical information: f. i; m. o
Page in Trubačev: XVIII 162-168

Old Church Slavic:

měla (Supr.) `lime' [Gensm o]

Russian:

mel' `sand-bank, shoal' [f i];

mel `chalk' [m o]

Czech:

měl (SSJČ) `spit' [f i];

měl (Jungmann) `pebble, dust, shoal' [f i];

měl (Kott) `loose earth, powder, pebble' [f i]

Old Czech:

měl `shoal, sand-bank, fodder' [m i]

Polish:

miaɫ, mieɫ (dial.) `dust, chalk, muddy water, fine powder' [m o]

Old Polish:

miel `sand-bank' [f i];

miaɫ `finely ground substance' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

mẽlj (Čak.), mèlja [Gens] `fine sand' [m jo];

mél (Čak.), mèla [Gens] `dust, powder' [m o]

Slovene:

mẹ̑lj `sand-bank' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)mēl-i-

Lithuanian:

smė̃lis `sand' [m io] 2 \{1\}

Latvian:

smēlis `fine sand' [m io] \{2\}

Indo-European reconstruction: mēlH-i-

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 717

Comments: The Baltic and Slavic forms are formally compatible with the root melH- `to grind', the Baltic word showing s mobile. The lengthened grade vowel points to an old root noun. Semantically, this etymology does not seem implausible to me ( pace Stang (l.c.), who, by the way, does not mention any Baltic forms).

Other cognates:

OIc. melr (dial.) `sand-bank'
;

Sw. mjåg (dial.) `sand-hill, high riverbank'
;

Sw. smula `chunk'
;

Nw. smola (dial.) `smash' [verb];

Nw. smol (dial.) `dust'
\{3\} \{4\}

Notes:

\{1\} Also Standard Lithuanian is smėlỹs 4. \{2\} Judging by the Lithuanian evidence, the zero grade of the root was originally acute: smiltis 1/3/4 (LKŽ) `fine sand, gritty earth'. The only non-ambiguous Latvian forms in ME are smìlts and smìltis `sand', however. The most plausible option is that the Latvian falling tone is secondary (cf. Derksen 1996: 147). \{3\} The Scandinavian forms with sm- could derive from the root melH- `grind' preceded by s mobile. OIc. melr and Sw. (dial.) mjåg < *mjalg are mentioned by Stang in connection with Ru. mel' etc. (1972: 36). According to Stang, these words point to *melha- /melga. Therefore the possible etymological relationship with the Slavic forms is limited to the root.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > mělь
8 mělъ

mělь; mělъ Grammatical information: f. i; m. o
Page in Trubačev: XVIII 162-168

Old Church Slavic:

měla (Supr.) `lime' [Gensm o]

Russian:

mel' `sand-bank, shoal' [f i];

mel `chalk' [m o]

Czech:

měl (SSJČ) `spit' [f i];

měl (Jungmann) `pebble, dust, shoal' [f i];

měl (Kott) `loose earth, powder, pebble' [f i]

Old Czech:

měl `shoal, sand-bank, fodder' [m i]

Polish:

miaɫ, mieɫ (dial.) `dust, chalk, muddy water, fine powder' [m o]

Old Polish:

miel `sand-bank' [f i];

miaɫ `finely ground substance' [m o]

Serbo-Croatian:

mẽlj (Čak.), mèlja [Gens] `fine sand' [m jo];

mél (Čak.), mèla [Gens] `dust, powder' [m o]

Slovene:

mẹ̑lj `sand-bank' [m jo]

Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: (s)mēl-i-

Lithuanian:

smė̃lis `sand' [m io] 2 \{1\}

Latvian:

smēlis `fine sand' [m io] \{2\}

Indo-European reconstruction: mēlH-i-

Certainty: +

Page in Pokorny: 717

Comments: The Baltic and Slavic forms are formally compatible with the root melH- `to grind', the Baltic word showing s mobile. The lengthened grade vowel points to an old root noun. Semantically, this etymology does not seem implausible to me ( pace Stang (l.c.), who, by the way, does not mention any Baltic forms).

Other cognates:

OIc. melr (dial.) `sand-bank'
;

Sw. mjåg (dial.) `sand-hill, high riverbank'
;

Sw. smula `chunk'
;

Nw. smola (dial.) `smash' [verb];

Nw. smol (dial.) `dust'
\{3\} \{4\}

Notes:

\{1\} Also Standard Lithuanian is smėlỹs 4. \{2\} Judging by the Lithuanian evidence, the zero grade of the root was originally acute: smiltis 1/3/4 (LKŽ) `fine sand, gritty earth'. The only non-ambiguous Latvian forms in ME are smìlts and smìltis `sand', however. The most plausible option is that the Latvian falling tone is secondary (cf. Derksen 1996: 147). \{3\} The Scandinavian forms with sm- could derive from the root melH- `grind' preceded by s mobile. OIc. melr and Sw. (dial.) mjåg < *mjalg are mentioned by Stang in connection with Ru. mel' etc. (1972: 36). According to Stang, these words point to *melha- /melga. Therefore the possible etymological relationship with the Slavic forms is limited to the root.

Slovenščina-angleščina big slovar > mělъ

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со словенского на английский

zero word

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со словенского на английский

zero word

См. также в других словарях:

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